In situ development of bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite membrane based on two different fermentation strategies: characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation

Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC) has garnered attention among biomaterial scientists for its unique physicochemical features and biocompatibility; however, the lack of bioactivity limited biomedical applications. Thus, this study describes in situ preparation BC/hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposite membranes using static agitated fermentation to enhance BC. The incorporation HA increased BC production from 2.31 g/L without 4.10 3.26 under fermentation, respectively, although SEM observation indicates formation a fibrous structure mesh both fermentations. It was also observed that content nanoparticles obtained higher than fermentation. In addition, average fiber diameter 56 ± 17 nm nanocomposites (BC/HA-A) 145 48 BC/HA (BC/HA-S) 122 26 conclusion, appears more convenient term yield, distribution, cytotoxicity against fibroblast cells (BJ1). This strategy will inspire new ways prepare BC-based materials medical